Pre Screening For Disabilities And Genetic Enhancement

Pre-screening for disabilities and genetic enhancement are vital factors in the decision to place restrictions for selective genetic abortion. All human life should be of equal worth, supporting the ideal that life-and-death decisions for seriously compromised newborns should not be based on the quality of life (CITE 3). Screening for genetic diseases through the use of in vitro fertilization, or IVF, limits and excludes those with disabilities from our society, exposing limits on morality. These include transgression of divine laws, transgression of natural laws, introduction of an unacceptable risk of harm, introduction of a threat to genetic diversity, introduction of a threat to one’s common genetic heritage, paradoxical counterproductively, a misuse of social resources, a widened gap between the â€Å"haves and â€Å"have nots†, promotion of social conformity and homogeneity, and lastly undermining free choice (Fisher, 2013). From these points it is important to r ecognize the impact it has upon our society, and how we perceive, and behave towards those with a disability. The practise of introducing selective abortion through the use of IVF and genetic testing will create a hostile environment going forward into the future for those who escape detection before birth. This will cause potential discrimination against those with a disability, making them liable to be looked down upon by the community and unfit to be alive (Fisher, 2013). Thus this can create a second class or even aShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Human Genetic Engineering Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesPre-implantation genetic diagnosis is a revolutionary procedure that utilizes in vitro fertilization to implant a healthy egg cell into the mother’s uterus after it is screened for mutations or other abnormalities. That way, only healthy eggs can develop to term and become beautiful, bouncing boys or girls. 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Math s Relationship With Astronomy - 1225 Words

Math s relationship with astronomy is one of the most unappreciated sciences to this day. Math has not only allowed us to begin to answer some of life s greatest questions that were only discussed in religion and story, but it has enabled us to see further than we have ever seen into the vast universe we exist in through astronomy. Math has often been described by the greatest minds our species as the language of the cosmos. The ability to do complex mathematics has allowed us as a species to learn, discover and even explain objects we discover in space through astronomy. The importance of astronomy and it s connection to math is first touched upon by Dr Carl Sagan in his book Cosmos, then Max Tegmark goes on to discuss that not only is math used to explore our universe, but the entire universe and its functions is made of math, and finally Astronomy magazine discusses how math is used to explain the simple all the way to the complex. In Cosmos by Dr Carl Sagan, Carl explains how uti lizing math has helped humanity gain understanding and even a certain degree of mastery over our environment. Carl first points out how many struggles great thinkers had to overcome to reach this level we are currently at. All of the great men, who came one after another, piled on the accumulation of their work that has molded modern math. Through all of those great men our species has discovered formula for answering questions that seemed out of our reach for so long, along with theShow MoreRelatedHistory of Trigonometry4574 Words   |  19 Pagescombination of geometry, and astronomy and has many practical applications over history. Trigonometry is a branch of math first created by 2nd century BC by the Greek mathematician Hipparchus. The history of trigonometry and of trigonometric functions sticks to the general lines of the history of math. 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The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body a Literature Review Free Essays

Running Head: EFFECTS OF HEROIN ON A PERSON The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heather Huber Walden University Psych 8226-04 Biopsychology Dr. John Redmon August 18, 2010 Abstract This literature review looks at the detrimental effects of heroin. Since many heroin users often become addicted, it is important to look at its ramifications. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with a brief history of the substance, then discussing treatment programs for those who have problems with heroin abuse, this paper helps to better understand logical reasons that heroin is an illegal substance. The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is an illegal drug in the United States and many other countries. Heroin has devastating results on the brain and body. This paper looks at heroin’s history, its consequences on the brain and body, addiction possibilities, and available options for treatment for heroin abusers. What is Heroin? Chemical make-up Breaking down the parts of the word, diacetylmorphine, di means two, acetyl is a radical derived from acetic acid, and morphine is a drug derived from the opium poppy plant used to relieve pain. Heroin, on the street, is generally not pure. Drug dealers often add other things in the drug to stretch their dollar (Furst, 2000). The term for adding things to a drug is called cutting it. According to Furst, easily attainable items, such as lactose and milk sugar, can cut heroin. Quinine, a psychoactive drug that enhances the heroin high, is also a common choice. History Upon researching the history of heroin, very few research articles were located. Many tend to focus on its results in present day life. Unfortunately, this inequity of information in Walden University’s academic databases, the internet provided much of the information regarding the history of heroin. Using vigilant discernment and precise judgment, the following information appeared relevant and valuable in understanding the path of heroin. Heinrich Dreser, an employee of the Bayer Company (the same as today’s Bayer Asprin), first discovered heroin in 1895 by diluting morphine (PBS, 1998). It was later that heroin was advertised and sold as an over-the-counter medication. Acknowledged for having the pain relieving effects of morphine, without the side effects and addictions, heroin became the new choice for pain relief. Unfortunately, a researcher in Bayer laboratories unethically withheld the truth of this information (HeroinAbuse. Net, 2007; PBS, 1998). The use, abuse, and addiction to heroin grew in the United States, and around the world, throughout the early 1900s. Access to heroin on the streets, despite its illegal status, became easier and soon it became a headliner when American celebrities (Janis Joplin, John Belushi, and Kurt Cobain, to name a few) overdosed and died due to use of the drug and its mixture with other illegal substances (PBS, 1998). Today, heroin is still illegal, but is prominent in the lives of many who use or know someone who uses. Effects of Heroin on the Brain Drugs become illegal usually due to the negative consequences. Franken, Stam, Hendriks, and van den Brink (2004) found that heroin can have a negative result on the brain by limiting and exciting different areas leading the long time abuser to have negative characteristics similar to both Alzheimer’s patients and individuals with multiple sclerosis (dementia and brain lesions, respectively). While their study shared a lot about long-term users of heroin, it failed to present information regarding limited-use of heroin users. It is valuable information to know how heroin use affects both groups. The difference between users and abusers will be discussed in the addiction section of this paper. Li, et al. 2005) discovered major disruptions in the cerebral cortex and central nervous system when they autopsied accidental deaths of heroin addicts. While it is challenging to study the definitive effects of heroin on the brain in patients while alive, postmortem patients provide valuable information regarding the effects of heroin use on the brai n. While traces of heroin were found throughout the brain, they discovered a larger amount in the hippocampus and the basal ganglia (Li, et al. , 2005). These heroin cells left lesions in the brain, which could have lead to decreased blood flow to the organs and even death (Li, et al. , 2005). It is clear that the brain is affected by the use of heroin, next we will look at the effects of heroin on the body. Effects of Heroin on the Body Heroin affects vision. Firth (2005) studied its effects. Many heroin users reported double vision (diplopia); the author thought it was important to see whether it was a temporary or permanent condition. Eye exercises or specially made glasses corrected the majority of diplopic conditions. Shao, et al. (2006), tested and found that those with the DRD4 VNTR long repeat allele were more likely to crave heroin after seeing heroin related stimuli, than with the similar DRD4 VNTR short repeat allele. This type of research provides information to future researchers to study this particular allele and perhaps find a â€Å"cure† for heroin addiction. While this may not be the only part of the human body that shows addiction tendencies towards heroin, it is a stepping-stone towards a future of understanding heroin addiction and maybe generalizes that information towards addictions to any substance. Addiction Addiction, in general, has been viewed from many different angles. Many influences encourage one to begin using a substance. O’Brien (2003) states that when discussing addition agent variable, there are three categories to take into consideration. First, agent variables include the onset and duration of the high, and price of the substance. Second, host variables include a risk-taking personality, likeliness of the person to get high, hereditary influences, and a desire to self-medicate. Lastly, environmental variables include peer pressure, and the use of a substance by a role model. These three groups of variables are important to take into consideration when identifying and analyzing an addiction. Viewing addiction from two perspectives, it is in one’s brain, or addiction is a chronic disease (O’Brien, 2003). Research has found that brain mapping is different in the brain of an addict than it is in the brain of a non-addict. Applying the disease approach to addiction, relapses are common and cannot be helped. The philosophy resembles the thoughts such as â€Å"would you punish a diabetic for having a sugar crash? † Many times the ideas behind addiction are challenging for people to comprehend when they have not had an addiction themselves or seen another person go through it. It is important for researchers to study addiction so that we can better understand it and help those who are addicted to substances. According to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), an addiction to heroin would be classified as an opioid dependence. The characteristics of a person who is dependent upon heroin (a member of the opioid family) include the use of the drug without a prescription, self-medicating, obsession with obtaining the drug, high tolerance for the drug, and withdrawal symptoms when use is abruptly ended. Chiang, et al. (2006), looked at the likelihood of relapse for heroin users and found that of their 166 heroin abusers, approximately 80% of them relapsed in the five-year study. This is a larger percentage and ties into the idea of heroin addiction being a chronic disease that affects an individual throughout their life. Treatment With relapse having such prevalence in the life of heroin abusers trying to abstain, finding a successful treatment program is an important task. Blanken, et al. 2005), found significant success in programs that utilized a mix of heroin and methadone as a treatment to curb withdrawal symptoms, over those that used only methadone. One may question the help of using an addictive substance to treat an addiction, but it is similar to the idea of weaning a child off breast milk by slowly introducing bottles alongside the breast. While it takes some time for the weaning process, it decreases the likelihood of relapse. Gossop, Stewart, and Marsden (2006) found th at participants in a methadone treatment program, who received drug related counseling, were less likely to elapse than those who received generic or no counseling. This is important information for clinics that have methadone treatments programs because they can use the research to enhance their programs to better fit their patients and help in their treatments. Research (Marissen, et al. , 2006) has found that in-patient patients, who showed interest towards heroin related cues, were more likely to relapse after treatment, than those who did not show interest in the cues. The next steps for future research may include assessing whether the desire for heroin makes treatment more difficult. Whether an addict has a problem in their brain, or whether they have a chronic disease, heroin use and abuse is a grave topic for consideration (O’Brien, 2003). From the characteristics that push a person to first try heroin, to the nagging need for the high of just one more hit, the drug is a dangerous chemical that can have serious repercussions on both the brain and the body. Researcher need to continue their work in examining heroin as a chemical, drug, and addictive substance in order to assist in the best treatment for its use. With continued research, there may be a cure for heroin addiction, or even addiction itself. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed, Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Blanken, P. , Hendriks, V. M. , Koeter, M. W. J. , van Ree, J. M. , van den Brink, W. (2005). Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription or heroin or oral methadone treatment: Results from two randomized controlled trials. Addiction, 100, 89-95. Chiang, S. -C.. Chan, H. -Y. , Chen, C. -H. , Sun, H. -J. , Chang, H. -J. , Chen, W. J. , Lin, S. -K. , Chen, C. -K. (2006). Recidivism among male subjects incarcerated for illicit drug use in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 444-451. Firth, A. Y. (2005). Heroin and diplopia. Addiction, 100, 46-50. Franken, I. H. A. , Stam, C. J. , Hendriks, V. M. , van den Brink, W. (2004). Electroencephalographic power and coherence analyses suggest altered brain function in abstinent male heroin-dependent patients. Neuropsychobiology, 49, 105-110. Gossop, M. , Stewart, D. , Marsden, J. (2006). Effectiveness of drug and alcohol counseling during methadone treatment: content, frequency, and duration of counseling and association with substance use outcomes. Addiction, 101, 404-412. HeroinAbuse. Net. (2007). History of heroin. [Website]. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://www. heroinabuse. net/heroin_history. php Li, L. , Lu, G. , Yao, H. , Zhao, Y. , Feng, Z. , Yew, D. T. (2005). Postmortem changes in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla of the heroin addicts. International Journal of Neuroscience, 115, 1443-1449. Marissen, M. A. E. , Franken, I. H. A. , Waters, A. J. , Blanken, P. , van den Brink, W. , Hendriks, V. M. (2006). Attentional bias predicts heroin relapse following treatment. Addiction, 9, 1306-1312. National Kidney Foundation. (2008). Drug abuse and your kidneys. [Website]. Retrieved July 10, 2010, from http://www. kidney. org/atoz/atozItem. cfm? id=44 O’Brien, C. P. (2003). Research advances in the understanding and treatment of addiction. The Journal on Addictions, 12, S36-S47. PBS. (1998). Opium throughout history. [Website]. Retrieved July 18, 2010, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history. html Shao, C. , Li, Y. , Jiang, K. , Xu, Y. , Lin, Y. , Wang, Q. , Zhao, M. , Jin, L. (2006). Dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism modulates cue-elicited heroin craving in Chinese. Psychopharmacology, 186, 185-190. How to cite The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review, Essays

Why Marijuanas Should be Legal Essay Example For Students

Why Marijuanas Should be Legal Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Facts3 Why Marijuana Should be Legal Essay example4 Conclusion Introduction Marijuana, often referred to a pot or cannabis, is widely known throughout the world and has a long history of use for different purposes. People’s perceptions of marijuana have considerably changed over the years from prohibitions and warnings against its use to the increased acceptance for medical and recreational use. Shifts in public thought at large, caused by the change of social, cultural, and political backgrounds, have made the issue of marijuana use and its legalizing on the governmental level quite controversial. Moreover, the status of marijuana differs from country to country. In particular, while in the United States, marijuana is legalized and can be freely bought, in Canada, marijuana is illegal. As the legalization of marijuana is a rather controversial issue, a student at universities or colleges is often required to write argumentative essays in this topic and develop persuasive arguments for or against it. One of the most significant parts of such essays is a strong and arguable thesis, which expresses one’s attitude to the issue from a medical, political, or economic perspective. This article provides important information on how to write a good essay about the legalization of marijuana focusing on the need to make marijuana legal in Canada. Facts First of all, it should be noted that over time, weed has proved to be rather beneficial and useful from the medical perspective. In particular, one of the earliest resources reporting the use of cannabis for medical reasons dates back to approximately 2,800 BC. It is the Chinese document called â€Å"Shennung Ben Ts’ao King.† The document provides a description of how the ancient Chinese used different parts of cannabis to treat illnesses and bring relief from pain. For example, the flowers of cannabis were used to help patients with open wounds and menstrual disorders. Besides that, the Chinese consumed the seeds of cannabis internally to treat aconite and vermillion poisoning, obstinate vomiting, and other illnesses and symptoms. In addition to that, the document includes important facts concerning the preparation of cannabis and the effects of its excessive use. In particular, it is noted that the excessive consumption of marijuana can lead to hallucinations. Nowadays, the status of marijuana is rather controversial and differs from state to state. Even though in Canada, it is first of all viewed as a dangerous and addictive drug that can even cause deaths if consumed excessively, experts cannot deny its beneficial effect on people’s health in particular cases. Over time, marijuana has proved to be beneficial while used for medical reasons. The use of cannabis can not just bring relief from certain symptoms but also save lives. For example, one of the AIDS patients, Charles Pariseau, was saved by marijuana when he was constantly losing weight and could keep neither food nor medications in his system. Marijuana is said to have improved his immune function. What is more, it is often stated that marijuana is helpful in repressing HIV and AIDS. As a result, Pariseau has gained weight, and his overall state has normalized. This and numerous other examples prove that the effect of marijuana on patients’ state in certain cases can be beneficial. The fact is that the legalization of marijuana remains a controversial issue as there are many pros and cons of it. The effects of marijuana are not studied enough to analyze whether the advantages of the use of cannabis for medical reasons outweigh its potential harm for addicts. Why Marijuana Should be Legal Essay example Even though in the past, weed was freely used to help people get relief from symptoms and fight illnesses, for some period of time, the use of marijuana has been illegal in numerous countries, and Canada is not an exception. However, with the shift in public thought and the tendency to be more open to new ideas and visions, experts now propose public policy change aimed to legalize marijuana. .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a , .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .postImageUrl , .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a , .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a:hover , .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a:visited , .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a:active { border:0!important; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a:active , .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf895f7ae43a6585e51a1a0739432160a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer engineering EssayNumerous experts claim that in Canada, the use of marijuana should become legalized due to its benefits from the medical perspective. People believe that the Federal Government should not take control over all their actions because they are responsible for their actions themselves. The main argument for the legalization of marijuana is the fact that alcohol and tobacco, which are much more harmful and addictive, are in free use, while weed is forbidden. What is more, it is often said that the legislation on the use of this drug was created on the basis of the racist sentiment, and it decreases the law’s credibility. While analyzing the change in the status of marijuana, one can understand that marijuana was prohibited first of all because of social reasons and not because it was viewed as a dangerous drug. The matter is that other substances, such as alcohol and tobacco, are actually much more dangerous than marijuana. Those viewing marijuana as a harmful and addictive drug emphasize its effect on the brain. The fact is that marijuana really influences people’s conscience and can make them addicted. However, tobacco and alcohol are much more addictive. In particular, nicotine, the substance present in tobacco, is proved to be the most addictive substance ever. All of the above proves that the use of marijuana in Canada should be legalized. Similar to America, Canada should establish a law regulating the use of marijuana and allowing its legal status. Weed should be treated similarly to alcohol and tobacco as it is not more dangerous than these substances. Conclusion The use of marijuana has its advantages and disadvantages. As a result, its status and attitude to it are controversial. While some people view it as an addictive and dangerous drug that can lead to deaths, others emphasize its beneficial impact if used for medical reasons. It is important to evaluate all the potential benefits and risks thoroughly in order to decide whether to legalize marijuana or not. There, the question lies in the fact whether the Federal Government has to control people completely or they should be responsible for their actions themselves.

Anna Arnold Hedgeman free essay sample

This paper takes a look at the life and achievements of civil rights protagonist, Anna Arnold Hedgeman. This paper focuses on the life and accomplishments of humanist Anna Arnold Hedgeman. Details about her achievements as a mentor and civil rights leader are provided. The main idea of the paper focuses on race relations among African-Americans and the civil rights movement. Anna Arnold Hedgeman was born on July 5, 1899, in Marshalltown, Iowa. She was one of five children born, her father being a son of slaves. Hedgeman was well educated, for she attended high school in St. Paul, Minnesota, and later received a degree in English from the Methodist college of Hamline University. Growing up, Hedgeman became a very articulate, outspoken person. Throughout college, she grew very interested in the social injustices and racial inequality of African-Americans. In the ensuing decades of her life, Hedgeman devoted all of her time and energy to assisting many organizations and administrations that were intent on fighting for the rights of workers and for the better welfare of humanity. We will write a custom essay sample on Anna Arnold Hedgeman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She acted as a teacher, consultant, and lecturer to these various groups, and eventually she owned her own consulting firm, Hedgeman Consulting Services. The focus of this paper will be to show how Anna Arnold Hedgemans concern for national and global equality led to her eventual involvement in the Civil Rights Movement and the March on Washington.

The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hiter essays

The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hiter essays In the Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler there are many hidden facts that many people including myself would not know if they didnt read the book themselves. Hitler had grown up in Austria and later moved to Germany, but then he found himself broke and homeless in the streets of Austria again. Hitler was incredibly smart and knew when to ploy his actions but in the end he became greedy which led to his defeat. In the end of his life he began to deteriorate and have frequent nervous breakdowns due to dishonest generals and the conquering of his new land by Mother Russia and the United States. Hitler was a strong willed man and if he put his mind to something he would do it, this is the scariest part of him, sure he had killed millions of innocent people but in his mind they were just in the way of his goal to eventually take over Europe and if he thought he could possibly the world. He was brought up in a strict family where everything was precious, once he had left for school in Austria he had no money or place to stay and people spat and made fun of him on the streets, especially the Jewish people, this is what created his hated towards Jews. During his war campaign he only took over countries he knew he could scare into surrendering or defeat, but towards the end his greed for power and land made him turn on his ally Russia and from then on his power went sliding down hill. Hitler would not give up in his efforts to conquer, he placed his armies in positions that would lead to the death of them all but by this time he had become delusional and not caring about the l ives of his own people. This was not a fight for the Fatherland but for Hitler himself. There are many interesting things about Hitler that were exposed in the book that a standard person would not know. Such as when Hitler was in his youth trying to get into college, he was poor, homeless, and had no support at all. With nowhere to sleep h...

Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Faith - Essay Example During that time, Christians who were caught and refused to commit fumie were imprisoned and subject a painful death known as â€Å"Anazuri† ( hung and bled to death over a pit ). It is through the harrowing experience of Rodriguez during his stay in Japan that he discovers the trials that his mentor has undergone. Unfortunately, even his own mentor was swallowed by pessimism. He was bitter in the end, swallowed by his own shame and guilt. In the end, he was betrayed by Kichiji-ro and Rodriguez commits the act of fumie. Being a historical fiction, the novel also relates the ties between Japan and the west because it recalls how the shoguns converted the people into Buddhism and launched a drive to expel missionaries. Apparently, the west had already begun its missions through St. Francis Xavier in 1549. The author always portrayed Rodriguez as Christ-like. His struggles of being the only Japanese in the university made him a reject, he was neither a Japanese nor French. He also contracted tuberculosis that resulted to one of his lungs removed that seemed to warn him how difficult it would be to pursue the search of his faith (Reinseima 2004 ) This was his main crisis in faith was only resolved when he met his former mentor in prison. Although it seems that every turn of his life was a block to his faith, it was only in the end that he recognized that these were not blocks at all. In fact, those struggles strengthened Rodriguez character and illuminated him in finding his faith . Moreover, his struggles like rejection, incarceration, persecution are the real mani- festations of having solid faith because despite the tribulations, Rodriguez searched for Christ. It was this unsettling silence of God that deeply troubled the main character Even at the beginning of the story, Rodriguez is already fascinated by the face of Christ. He would always wonder how Christ would look like in many situations such as kneeling in the Garden of Gethsemane. He

The History of Arabia and its Culture Assignment - 152

The History of Arabia and its Culture - Assignment Example The duration in the history of Arabia before the birth of Islam is referred to as Times of Ignorance. This is according to the practices and beliefs of pagan Arabs. The Arabs devoted to several religions which are characterized as polytheists, Christian Jews, and atheists. Most Arabs worshipped several idols. The atheist Arabs believed on the eternal world. After Romans destruction of Jerusalem, in A. D. 70, drove Jews into Hijaz, Arabia. Romans converted the Ghassan Arab tribe to Christianity (Farah 45). The state religion in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is Islam. Saudi Arabia hosts Mecca and Medina cities. Muhammad, the leader of the Islamic religion lived and died in the cities. The cities attract pilgrims in millions yearly. â€Å"Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques† is the King of Saudi Arabia’s official title (Farah 27). The two mosques are; Masjid al-Haram and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, in Mecca and Medina respectively. Saudi Arabia gave rise to the Arabic language, which is used in the Quran. Islam changed Arabs in several ways. For instance, the religion plays a significant role in the Saudi state and society. The influence of the religious establishment, ulema, is very great. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia entails the Arab Islamic state which is sovereign. Islam is the state religion, and the constitution is The Holy Quran; and the Sunna, traditions of the Prophet. Arab Israeli conflict entails military conflicts and the political tensions involving Israel and some Arab Countries. The basis of the present Arab Israel conflict is the rise of the Arab nationalism and Zionism, at the end 19th century. Territories viewed by the Jews as historically theirs, are also viewed by the Pan Arabs as belonging to, historically and presently, Palestinian Arabs (Morris 217). This tension among the Palestinian Arabs and Jews started at the beginning of the 20th century.  

How will I utilize these funds to change my community for the better Scholarship Essay

How will I utilize these funds to change my community for the better - Scholarship Essay Example The out-of-school black youths have become a problem in our community. Aside from being a wasted potential labor force, they have become concerns of the government. With the funds that I will be receiving, I plan to gather them in a meeting and a fun time, where I would be able to relay to them the things I have learned from school; therefore they can get updated with the new knowledge taught at the university. It can be two-sessions per month during my free days, and it will consist of both a serious study and sharing of knowledge, and a fun-filled play and snack time. I will specifically use the funds for the buying of teaching materials and food. In line with this, I will also share with them some ways to earn extra income such as possible part-time jobs that they can involve in so as to save money for their schooling. These can be in the form of small enterprise or cooperative that will help these young blacks earn a living. To boost our budget and power, I will coordinate with our city-government for further financial and manpower support. In this way, we can give hope to the out-of-school black youths.

Reflecting Personal Development Study Of Mental Health Nursing Nursing Essay

Reflecting Personal Development Study Of Mental Health Nursing Nursing Essay This essay will illustrate how I developed from being a novice to an expert within my three year study of mental health nursing programme. The chosen topic from my log book to be discussed will be management. Dreyfus and Dreyfus student model (1986) and Benners stages of skill acquisitions (1984) will be used to structure this essay. The stages that students go through in their skills acquisition are novice, advance beginner, competent, proficient and expert (Selinger Crease, 2006).Current evidence based literature such as mentors comments from my ropas including government policies relevant to my practice will be used to explore my strengths, limitations and experiences. Future recommendation for my post graduate as a newly registered nurse will be explored. Names of clients, practice placements and health professionals will remain anonymous to protect and respect confidential in this essay (NMC, 2008). Management is planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling in order to achieve your goals (Clark, 2009).Management also involves making good decisions, communicating effectively, motivating staff and being persuasive and sensitive (Manion, 2005).Due to the health care system changes in modern nursing it is vital for a professional nurse to acquire different skills to manage a shift regardless of your specific role (Yoder-Wise, 2003).I took an interest in presenting management as my topic of this essay mainly for the following reasons. Once am newly qualified I might face a challenge of running a shift and management skills will be essential for the shift to be efficient and effective. Management skills are also essential as they are required to obtain a job as a mental health nurse. Hewison (2004) states management in nursing is essential to delivers high standards of care. The above author further state that delivery and organisation of care has been influenced by manag ement ideas and theory throughout its history. First year of training I completed 4 placements starting with an acute ward and next being a hip replacement ward. From there I went to the community where they specialised in children with learning disabilities. My last placement was a day hospital for old people with dementia and depression; this is where I had the most exposure. In my first placement I could not under see lying problems with the patients, for example when it came to observing moods and effects patients get from taking the medication they are prescribed on. My other problem was communicating using the correct terminology in my notes and handover. Swannell (1986) defines communication as imparting or exchange of information, message, letter, etc; Social dealings (Ingram and Lavery, 2009.p.14). Communication skills are essential in healthcare as they help professionals to maximise their management (Darley, 2002). At that time my communication was poor, therefore my management was lacking as its vital and mostly an essential skill in nursing management (Adair, 2009). When I started my last placement I had done research on communication and the same principles of communication applied on different situation. At this placement I managed to reflect on my experiences as a novice, hence improving my skills (Quirk, 2006). I applied knowledge gained from research but still referred to the literature and communication principles taught in year one. I was able to communicate effectively using the right terminology in my notes, hand over, ward round and appropriately with patients. I was able to identify under lying problems portrayed by the patients and interpret them when communicating with staff. Research and applying it to practice helped my skill improve hence enhanced my management (Pilot Beck, 2004). First year of training I started off as a novice because I had minimal knowledge but could not connect it to practice (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986) .Using the work of Benners (1984) Stuart (2007) describes a novice as a new student entering a clinical area without experience but expected to perform. Stuart (2007) further goes on to say they must be given rules and instructions to guide their performance, they do not see beyond the task and underlying problems with a patient. Considering experience gained in year one I was in the novice trajectory. By the end of the first year I was now fairly experienced and considered myself as an advanced beginner no longer a novice (Dreyfus Dreyfus, 1986). In my second year the first practice placement was at a day hospital for older people suffering from dementia. From there I moved to work with the community mental health team (CMHT) treating patients with different disorders. The second placement is where I gained the optimum exposure as different skills where developed. We dealt with patients discharged from acute ward and have been referred to CMHT for ongoing treatment away from hospital settings offering a wide variety of interventions tailored to their specific needs (D.O.H, 2002). My final placement in second year was elective. This was a day centre for adults 18-65 offering a large range of therapy thats beneficial to their aspects of life (France and Kramer, 2005). According to Swansburg Swansburg (2002) planning involves what to do, how, who is to do it, where its to be done and when in order to achieve goals. My last placement was a day centre for older people suffering from dementia and I developed planning skills. I was shift planning and organized daily activities according to their needs (Schultz and Videbeck, 2009). I was involved in care planning under supervision as I was assigned to a patient suffering from depression. This patient used to play in professional bands and his depression started when he stopped. I planned his recovery by completing tasks like contacting professional recording studios and looking into an option to obtain funding to buy his own equipment. This included booking suitable dates and times he can attend to record. I managed to negotiate with the studio to get 3 free sessions but had to attend only when they was no bookings for business purpose. Both my communication and planning skills where implemented succes sfully and no longer followed the maxims used during the initial stages of learning, as I had acquired my skills (Selinger Crease, 2006). Based on this experience I gained decision making skills to contribute to my management. According to Thompson and Dowding (2002) decision making should be logical, have a rationale and concentrate on how decision will be made in a real world. According to Lloyd et al (2007) decision-making is a process of gathering relevant information and analysed to make a decision. Lloyd et al (2007) further clarifies that in a clinical setting, decision making is a situation in which choice is made from a number of possible alternatives considering the outcome is weighed. I applied these skills as I gathered information like contacts and whom to call, weighing distance and cost of travelling from his home to the studio and also obtaining time of recording referring to his schedule. I also gained another management skill in organisation. According to Kneedler and Dodge (1994) organization involves the arrangement of nursing actions orderly and that actions need to be evaluated, ranked and carried out according to the nurse capabilities. I believe I evaluated and ranked my actions as I considered the patients safety, choosing a suitable recording time for both my patient and the studio by making sure its very close, accessible and its during the day. When I finished year 2 I had gained new skills and my communication skills from year one had paid off as the new skills required good communication skills. (Please see appendix 1 and 2). According to Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) model of skill acquisition, an advance beginner has the knowledge of key working aspects in practice. I noticed this as I applied knowledge into practice, therefore found it easy applying rules in real a situation. Tsui (2003) states that advanced beginners begin to recognize situational elements, I recognized these elements easily as I had the experience as a novice according to Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986). According to Benners (1984) I managed to complete tasks using my own judgement which was acceptable to a limited extent. I started of my third year very keen to professionally modify my management skills and taking into account my skills need to adhere with the nursing and midwifery council (NMC, 2008). The first placment was in a mother and baby unit offering therapy which meet individuals physical, psychological, emotional and social needs based on evidence (DH, 2007). The next and final placement of the programme is where I had the optimum exposure in my management skills. This was an acute ward for old people suffering from organic mental health disorders. I applied all management skills acquired in year 1 and 2. At this stage I was practicing as a competent nurse according to Benners (1984). I was initiating and completing tasks without being asked or being monitored but under supervision from my mentor. Management was not only about completing the shift planner. I was now looking at the safety of the ward, reviewing general, constant and special observations, during handover, ward round and CPA. My decision making skills where implemented using assessment tools and the help of staff as we allocated appropriate levels of observations for the patients (The Scottish Government, 2002). I was planning and organizing tasks to tackle on duty and transport for transfers or appointments. I was using the diary for communication and checking tasks to be completed. I also collected and prepared information to be communicated in ward rounds, handovers and CPAs. I was organizing daily activities and decisions being made according to their needs. (Please see appendix 3). According to Cherry and Jacob (2005) stage three of Benners (1984) skills of acquisition state that competent nurses foresee long range goals and master their skills at this stage. Competent nurses are to cope with complex situations by analysing and planning (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986).Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) go on to say they have the background knowledge of area practice and ability to use their own judgement to achieve tasks. According to Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) a proficient nurse approaches situations as a whole rather than in small portions and tackles situation according to priority. Benners (1984) further states that as they view situations as a whole their decision making is more improved and they also use maxims as guides. Tomey and Alligood (2006) state that level four of the acquisition skill, nurses stand outside the situation and at the same time be part of the situation, fully engaging in the situation. I believe in my practice I had started portraying some abilities of a proficient nurse, integrating my knowledge and experience into a whole (Jasper, 2006). I was running shifts, planning and assigned tasks, incorporating management skills learned in year one, two and three to a level of proficiency by managing ones self, ones practice and that of others. (NMC, 2004). The last part of the stage is the expert level and using Benners model (1984), Sitzman and Eichelberger (2010) state that they no longer, rely on rules, guidelines or maxims to make appropriate decisions for a situation. I believe I did not reach to the stage to fulfil the expert level but have the ability to succeed to expert level after graduating. According to Daly, Speedy and Jackson (2010) reflection is a process of monitoring practice to enable you to improve it. They go on and further state that the following are essential when reflecting, self-appraisal, research for practice, everyday reviewing of practice, feelings and belief, and the consequences. This is the part where I reflect my practice in order to enhance and maintain my practice within competent to expert level for my future practice as a registered nurse. Focused will be my managerial skills to reach expert level. As a newly qualified I will make use of clinical supervision as an opportunity to improve and continue professional development (Royal College of Nursing, 2003).I will engage myself into lifelong learning that will be of benefit to the service users and my profession. This will extend my skills hence making it easier to manage when in critical situations (D.H, 1999). This will also enable me to maintain high standard of care, therefore enhancing manag ement skills (D.H, 2006).I will continue using evidence based practice to offer best possible care and practice(D.H, 2006). I will also avoid favouritism and discrimination amongst staff as they are good management skills (Marriner-Tomey, 2004).This is further supported by Woods (2005) who encourages democratic management as it encourages those you delegate to, to be part of the team and feel valued. I will be aware of the policies and procedures as its essential to understand your work role and responsibilities in the work place hence helps in managing and guide day to day operations (Fradd, 2004).Above all I will undergo a period of preceptorship as a newly qualified, therefore this will provide a structured, supportive bridge during my transition from a student to a practitioner in my managerial skills and other skills (Illingworth and Singleto, 2010). To conclude, after going through both five stages of Dreyfus and Deryfus (1984) and Benners (1984) I also got the opportunity to reflect my three year practice as a whole, therefore this enabled me to see areas I will need to improve in management. I will work towards being an expert as I progress into my profession . Contexts of Nursing   By John Daly, Sandra Speedy, Debra Jackson/2010/Elsevier/ -Perioperative patient care: the nursing perspective   By Julia A. Kneedler, Gwen H. Dodge,1994

Exploration of Capitalitsm In Norma Rae Essay -- Capitalism Economics

Exploration of Capitalitsm In Norma Rae While many of us tend to view capitalism as the ultimate goal when talking of profit capability and worker freedoms, we are shown a much different reality in the film "Norma Rae" in which the economic system comes under direct and harsh scrutiny. While the economic system on display in "Norma Rae" is a vast improvement from the impoverished feudal economic system shown in Matewan, there are still several improvements that can clearly be made to the O.P. Henry Textile Mill's definition of capitalism in this 1978 film based on actual events. The textile workers at the O.P. Henry Mill are used to struggle and adversity as both characterized thier employment in the factory and the hardships they had to face in their everyday lives. Many of the factory employees had been working in the mill for their entire lives, enduring the worker cruelty that the company dealt out with alarming regularity. However, many of the workers in the factory had little or no choice in seeking other employment, as the Textile Mill was the largest employer in the area, especially for unskilled laborers. While the employees were not forced to work in the factory, they stayed so as not to risk unemployment. This fear of unemployment was the mechanism that allowed the Textile Mill to push its workers to the limit. In this particular capitalist system on display in Norma Rae, the workers were the ones who had everything to lose. The workers had their livelihoods tied up in their jobs and would have to face the consequences if the company suffered economic difficulty, relocated, or had to downsize and make worker cutbacks. In this way, the workers' bargaining power with the company was weakened... ...a vote of 427 to 373. The negative capitailism that existed in the story of Norma Rae was modified to a much more worker-friendly type of capitalism in which worker concerns could be voiced and even answered without the fear of job termination while the company was still satisfied because it ws turning a profit. In this way, unions help to neutralize the potential for capital job markets to become dominated by an elite few and ingore the rights of laborers. Union helps secure the worker liberty of being able to compete for a position in a labor market rather than being forced to work in a poor working environment outof simple necessity. Unions provide workers with a valuable bargaining tool so that their rights will be protected in an ever changing and expanding profit-driven system, hopefully bringing the realization of capitalism closer to its intended state.

Module Title Introduction to Nursing Essay

With reference to credible and relevant evidence, discuss your accountability as a student nurse. Learning outcome 3 will be demonstrated by your use of credible and relevant evidence. My accountability as a student nurse is to be accountable to the patients, families and the general public to which I am caring for. Student nurses must adhere to the guidelines set out by the nursing and midwifery council (NMC) which states â€Å"As a professional, you are personally accountable for your actions and omissions in your practice and must always be able to justify your decisions†. Accountability is integral to professional practice. (NMC) Nurses make judgements in a wide variety of circumstances, and use their professional knowledge, and skills to make a decision based on evidence for best practice and the person’s best interests. Nurses need to be able to justify the decisions they make. Student nurses also have a duty of care which means they have a legal liability with regard to the patient. They must ensure that they perform competently. They must also inform another when they are unable to perform competently (RCN). This means that the task is necessa ry and delegation is in the patient’s best interest, the student nurse must fully understand the task and how it is to be carried out, they must also have the skills and abilities to perform the task competently and also must accept the responsibility to perform the task  competently. The oxford dictionary 2008 defines accountability as â€Å"The obligation of being answerable for one’s own judgements and actions to an appropriate person or authority recognized as having the right to demand information and explanation according to the terms of the NMC code of conduct. A registered practitioner is accountable for his/her own actions as a professional at all times, on or off duty , whether engaged in current practice or not. As a student you are not yet ‘accountable’ as you are not a qualified nurse although a qualified nurse is accountable under the NMC code of conduct, however a student nurse is still responsible for their own actions and behaviour and must act in a professional manner and uphold the profession of nursing, by behaving in a responsible manner and being thoughtful and respectful. A qualified nurse must act to the highest of standards, although as a student you are also still expected to act to the highest standard , as a student nurse you will be provided with support from senior staff and from your mentor because you are still learning and mistakes can happen that’s why support will be provided to allow you to be more confident and learn, as students learn new things everyday as do nurses because the nursing profession is a life-long learning experience. (Bethann Siviter 2013) Nurses and midwives hold a position of responsibility, as patients rely on them. They are professionally accountable to the NMC, as well as having a contractual accountability to their employer and are accountable in the law for their actions. Nurses must act in the best interest of the patients in their care at all times. As a student nurse you are also accountable to the NHS and must report any inappropriate care that is being delivered to a patient if you think that it is not acceptable or appropriate to that particular patient, as the NMC 2008 states that You must inform someone in authority if you experience problems that prevent you working within this Code or other nationally agreed standard. Part 2 Learning outcome 2 With reference to credible and relevant evidence, discuss the principles and importance of good record keeping. Learning outcome 3 will be demonstrated by your use of credible and relevant evidence. The importance of good record keeping is to ensure that you back up everything you do in practice within your nursing profession, as records are legal documents for patients, if anything had to go wrong and was taken to a court of law if the treatment or care that was carried out had not been recorded the court of law would see it, that if it was not recorded it did not happen. The NMC 2008 states that You must ensure any entries you make in someone’s paper records are clearly and legibly signed, dated and timed so that you can provide any evidence that may be needed for a patient to show what treatment you have carried out towards that patient. It is a legal requirement for nurses to fill out records as soon as they possibly can after the treatment or care has been carried out on a patient, as the NMC states that You must complete records as soon as possible after an event has occurred. Good record keeping and documentation can be a vital means of recollection for nurses face d with litigation. Having detailed and substantial evidence is likely to be influential in such circumstances. Record keeping is an essential part of good nursing practice. and is considered to be a basic nursing tool when caring for patients. It is important that nurses and also student nurses carry out good practice and adhere to the guidelines regarding record keeping, ensuring it is up to date and an accurate account of treatment, care planning and delivery which is appropriate to each patient. The Code of Professional Conduct (NMC,2002) states that good note-taking is a vital tool of communication between nurses. Wherever practicable should be written with the involvement of the patient and completed as soon as possible after an event has occurred. Having clear accurate records to refer back to enables the nurse having evidence to relate to, this allows the nurse to have an accurate account of what happened. According to The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) good record keeping is an integral part of practice and is essential to be able to provide safe and effective care to patients. They highlighted that good record keeping is highly important to improve communication between healthcare professionals. It helps to support the delivery and continuity of patient care, It helps to demonstrate clinical judgements and decision making and identifying any possible risk for patients. Good record keeping is also very important when giving over a handover to nurses without having  records, the handover would be incomplete and the next team of nurses would not know what had been going on with the patients, which could possibly affect the wellbeing of patients. Records that are not accurate or incomplete can highlight that poor care has been provided towards a patient. Neat and up to date accurate records indicate a caring and responsible nurse , good record keeping also allows for good communication between colleagues. Part 3 Learning outcome 4 The care of people with dementia is a significant contemporary issue. A key standard of care for people with dementia in Scotland is that people â€Å"are able to be as independent as possible.† (Scottish Government, 2011, p. 10). With reference to credible and relevant evidence, discuss ways in which the student nurse can support this standard. Learning outcome 3 will be demonstrated by your use of credible and relevant evidence. It is the responsibility of a student nurse to be aware of dementia and know about the illness and how it affects people in different ways. A student nurse can support this standard â€Å"people are able to be as independent as possible† by treating patients with dementia as individuals and allowing them choices as this helps to promote dignity to a person and seeing them as a â€Å"person† and not looking at their illness. Student nurses should allow patients choices when carrying out personal hygiene and allowing them to choose their meals as this allows a patient to be able to remain independent and allows them to feel that they are being treated with dignity and respect , sometimes it might be difficult to allow a patient with dementia to remain fully independent as depending on the progression of their dementia will mean what kind of support they will require, however it is important for a student nurse to promote independence at all times whenever possible to allo w the patient to be able to achieve their potential. It is important for a student nurse to provide individualised care to patients with dementia as no two patients will ever be the same and will have different needs. Communication is a fundamental and key skill when caring for dementia patients and is important to try to engage and interact with dementia  patients so that they can be fully understood. Memory aids are a very good way to facilitate communication towards a client with dementia such as memory books can which can help them to remember about their past and families, snap cards and picture books are also a very good way to communicate with patients when allowing them to make choices as this helps to facilitate their communication if they have problems with their speech. The Alzheimer’s society (2013) states that by remaining involved and active, a person with dementia can maintain their skills and independence for longer. Activities can also help people to express how they are feeling and relieve the symptoms of anxiety and depression and can increase social interaction and reduce isolation, as a person with dementia can often feel isolated and alone so it is important for them to get some cognitive stimulation to allow them to feel happy within their environment. A student nurse can support patients with dementia by arranging various activities that are appropriate to clients with dementia as this would help them to remain independent and be able to realise potential in clients with dementia. The Scottish government (2010) has set standards of care so that people can remain as independent as possible to be able to live as normal a life as they possibly can without their illness affecting them in a way that they that they are not able to, as they have the same rights as everyone else and should be treated as an individual. It is very important for a student to support a person with dementia and keep to their daily routine to prevent the patient becoming stressed or anxious as most patients with dementia have a routine as this can help them to remember their daily tasks which helps them to be as independent as possible. References Bethann Siviter The Student Nurse Handbook 3RD Edition P.193 Accountability (Accessed 10.11.13) Elizabeth A. Martin The Oxford Dictionary of Nursing Fifth Edition 2008 P.3 (Accountability) Market House Books Ltd (Accessed 12.11.13) NMC Code of Conduct 2008 (Accountability) http://www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/Regulation-in-practice/ (Accessed 10.11.13) NMC Code of Conduct 2008 (good record keeping) http://www.nmc-uk.org/Publications/Standards/The-code/Provide-a-high-standard-of-practice-and-care-at-all-times-/ (Accessed 12.11.13) Royal College of Nursing 2011 (The principles of accountability and delegation) http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/381720/003942.pdf (Accessed 13.11.13) Duffin C .(2013) raising awareness to support people with dementia in hospital nursing older people vol. 25(5) p 14-16 (Accessed 15.11.13) The Scottish Government (2011) standards for care for dementia in Scotland Edinburgh Scottish government (Accessed 12.11.13) Nursing and midwifery council (NMC) 2008 The code: standards of conduct. Performance and ethics for nurses and midwifes London: nursing and midwifery council (Accessed 10.11.13) NHS Code of Accountability first published 1994 third revision 2013 http://www.ntda.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/CODE-OF-CONDUCT-AND-ACCOUNTABILITY-FOR-NHS-BOARDS.pdf (Accessed 15.11.13) Nursing Times.net published April 2003 VOL: 99, ISSUE: 02, PAGE NO: 26 â€Å"The importance of good record keeping for nurses† (Accessed 14.11.13) Nursing times.net published 13 December, 2007 Record keeping http://www.nursingtimes.net/whats-new-in-nursing/record-keeping/360932.article (Accessed 14.11.13)

Summary of the Catholic Religion

Summary of the Catholic Religion Free Online Research Papers The Catholic religion is a monotheistic religion that is very similar in many ways to Judaism and several of the other Christian religions. Monotheistic means believing in only one God. Along with these religions, Catholics believe in God and the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. I conducted an interview with a priest of the catholic religion, who asked to remain anonymous. This interview was conducted in Saint Mary’s Catholic Church in Anderson, South Carolina. During this interview several key elements were discussed; elements such as major holidays, the history of the Catholic religion, challenges of practicing the Catholic religion, the role the Pope has within the church, the effects the Catholic religion has had on people, and what role the Bible plays in the Catholic religion. Easter is more important to Catholics than Christmas. Easter is around the time of the year of Christ’s resurrection. Catholics believe that when Christ rose from the dead he brought the invitation for all too someday rise with him. Easter weekend is celebrated as a holy weekend as the catholic salvation, basically Christ’s teachings and the example of the way he lived is a fundamental law for all Catholics to follow. Catholics believe that by Christ’s death, all Catholics, upon death, will live for eternity with a god himself. Good Friday is observed in remembrance of Jesus execution by the occupying Roman army, and his burial in a cave-tomb. Easter Sunday is the date when a group of his female followers first noticed the empty tomb, and concluded that he had either been resurrected, or his body had been stolen (Robinson, 2007). The timing of the Christian celebration of Easter is closely related to the Jewish celebration of the Passover. As a young boy being born and raised in a Catholic family and attending all catholic schools, Father wanted to be a priest from a young age. At the age of thirteen, Father attended the Franciscan Order. At that time they were accepting young students from high school, which they no longer do. After completion of high school and then junior college, Father completed a spiritual year in which he became a member of the Franciscan Order. It is customary to say that St. Francis founded three orders, as we read in the Office for 4 October: Tres ordines hic ordinat: primumque Fratrum nominat Minorum: pauperumque fit Dominarum medius: sed Poenitentium tertius sexum capit utrumque. (Brev. Rom. Serap., in Solem. S.P. Fran., ant. 3, ad Laudes) These three orders the Friars Minor, the Poor Ladies or Clares, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance are generally referred to as the First, Second, and Third Orders of St. Francis (Robinson, 1909). At this point Father began to understand the commitment that he was making. The biggest change the catholic religion has made in his life is being able to accept his limitations. Father stated during this interview â€Å"You grow up and then go into the ministry or you go into the ministry and then grow up†. Father has learned through this whole process to be more compassionate and understanding towards people, and at the same time overcoming his own temptation and weaknesses as a young person. Through the 45 years that Father has been a priest; he has learned from the Catholic Religion and other Christian religions that there are many good people in this world. Basically people that just want to do good things for others. This life lesson that he got from the many peop le that he served, taught him a lesson that no book, school, or teacher could have ever taught him. The world is full of very compassionate people that are more than willing to give themselves to help another. In the earlier years of priesthood, one difficult challenge was being told to go to a place and serve the people of a place that one would not normally choose to go. The challenge was to overcome that obstacle and serve the lord to the best of our ability. In the 1960s the Catholic Church went through what is called the Second Vatican Council. Pope John XXIII wished the Council to increase the fervor and energy of Catholics, to serve the needs of Christian people. To achieve this purpose, bishops and priests must grow in holiness; the laity must be given effective instruction in Christian faith and morals; adequate provision must be made for the education of children; Christian social activity must increase; and all Christians must have missionary hearts. In Italian, he was bale to express his desire in one word Aggiornamento the Church must be brought up to date, must adapt itself to meet the challenged conditions of modern times. More than words, Italians appreciate expressive gestures; so also Pope John, when asked to reveal his intentions, simply moved to a window and threw it open, to let in a drought of fresh air (Vatican II, 2008). During this time frame the Catholic Church went through many different changes, one of these changes was preaching in the language of the people instead of in Latin as it previously was done. Many Catholics still have resistance towards these changes; they don’t see it as a good step in the right direction. The second Vatican council played a huge role in the number of people entering into the faith, and the number of people wanting to serve others through the faith. Due to the decline of people entering into the faith, many catholic schools did not have sufficient teachers to fill the slots. In recent times the challenges have become society in general. Much of society bases their life on material goods, sexuality, and values that are contrary to the traditional catholic beliefs. An example of this is the p erson going into a bar or public establishment after work, meeting someone and spending the night with that person. The next day is the same routine, but with a different person. The catholic religion is the same as Judaism and Islam in the fact that it can trace its roots back to Abraham. Abraham is the first person that Christianity can find a date in history for. There are places in the holy land where Abraham was believed to have visited. In one of the Uchistic prayers, Abraham is called â€Å"Our Father in Faith†. Saint Francis, was vary devoted to the crucifixion of Christ, and founded the Catholic order. Saint Francis, together with Friar Leo and Friar Bonizo from Bologna, an expert in canon and civil law, composed the Regula Bullata (the Approved Rule of Life) of 1223. On 29 November 1223 Pope Honorius III formally approved the Rule by the bull â€Å"Solet annuere† (The Rule of the Franciscan Order, 2006). The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church and Catholic religion. Next there are Cardinals, in Latin cardinal means hinge; the Cardinals are the advisers to the Pope, who have their perspective territory or region of the world. Some cardinals stay in Rome and work a certain department of the church instead of a territory of the world. These cardinals have control over a specific department of the church such as the department that names new Bishops, the department that reviews new sacraments, and the department that looks into appeals such as individuals wishing to have a marriage annulled. Below the cardinals there are Bishops, a Bishop is in charge of a certain territory throughout the world. Then there are minor members of the hierarchy, more of an honorary type of member known as Mont Senior. They do not play a significant role in the church, but it is more of an honorary title given to a priest who has given good service to the church. The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and is known as the Holy Father of the church, he is also referred to as the Victor of Christ. The role of the Pope is to oversee the entire Catholic Church, obviously that is too much of a job for one specific person; therefore the job is delegated down to Cardinals and Bishops. The Pope also protects the truths of the Catholic Faith. Peter is believed to be the first Pope of the Catholic Church followed by another and so on. At one point there was some conflict between the Church and the person appointed to the Pope position, so there were actually two Popes. The word Pope comes from many languages meaning Papa, Poppy, or Father. During the Holocaust, many Catholic priests served as gateways to save thousands of Jews from persecution and death. As we have learned in this class, the Germans believed the Jews to be an inferior race; and millions were needlessly enslaved and slaughtered. Catholic priests, as did many others throughout the world, believed that this should not be happening; so many Jews were given safe haven inside churches until it was safe for them to travel to safer locations. Unfortunately, when it was discovered what these Priests were doing, they were killed by the Germans. Another example is of an Archbishop in El Salvador, who had ties with many rich and powerful people in the country. Many of the rich people of the country were trying to hold down the poor people; soon the poor people started demanding their rights. Several poor people were getting killed in these conflicts and the Archbishop was trying to maintain peace within the country. Because of his somewhat allegiance with th e rich and powerful, the Archbishop was reported to Rome by some of the other Bishops in the country. He was called to Rome several times to explain what he was trying to do in the country. On one of his trips to Rome, a close personal friend of the Archbishop, a priest, was killed in El Salvador, upon his return he started to take a more courageous stand and started preaching on behalf of the poor people. He no longer made the trips to Rome, he basically said let me do what is needed to be done here. Shortly after he made this change in his life he was assassinated in a hospital where he would hold his sermons. Because of his assassination, a new life was breathed into the poor people, so to speak, and the conflicts continued, but the poor people never gave up and eventually the voices of the poor were heard and many changes were made to give the poor the rights they were entitled to. The bible is the history of the Christian religion. It is the story of Jesus and even before Jesus when you include the Old Testament. The bible explains the creation of the world and mankind, and the trials and tribulations of many important figures of the Christian religion. Many elements, accumulated through a long series of generations, go to compose the sacred books of the great religions of antiquity the traditional myths and legends; the stories of the providential dealing of the Deity with His people; the sacred chants, hymns and prayers; the great epic poems; the laws governing social and domestic activity; the texts of the sacred rites and the prescriptions regulating their exact performance; speculations on the nature of the Deity, the soul, retribution, and the future life (Aiken, 1911). The bible is not as closely followed as it was 200 years ago, and the reason for this is most likely the changes in society. Society in general has evolved to be more forgiving of i ndividuals who do not follow the faith closely. There are still many people around the world that follow the faith very closely, but that number is gradually declining. In comparison to Islam, the Catholic religion is similar in the aspect of being a monotheistic religion, both religions believe in only one God, both trace their roots back to Abraham, and follow the principles of loving God and humanity. Differences however are many, Catholics follow the Ten Commandments, whereas Muslims follow the Five Pillars, but both generally have the same principles towards God and humanity. Muslims hold prayer several times every day, Catholics do not. Fathers of the faith do pray or meditate every day, but not the general followers of the religion. Muslims have several fasts throughout the year, whereas Catholics do not. In conclusion, the Catholic religion is among the oldest religions in the world and is one of the most widely practiced religions today. Millions if not billions of people hold fast to the traditions and beliefs of the Catholic religion; making it, along with the other Christian religions, the most well known and popular religions of the world. Upon completion of this interview and paper, I have a new found respect for the Catholic religion. Many Catholics have done many great things for humanity, to many to name. On the other hand, the Catholic religion has also been to blame for a tremendous amount of bloodshed; but so have many of the other religions throughout the world. No group or entity is perfect, all we can do is stay true to our beliefs. 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Feng Shui House Layout and Big Brother

Feng Shui House Layout and Big Brother The ancient principles of feng shui involve many complicated rules about colors, forms, and spacial design. However, you can incorporate positive chi (energy) into your home by following some simple guidelines. Feng shui masters also believe that you can purposely misuse rules to create chaos, as they do on the Big Brother reality television shows around the world. Feng shui principles can be applied to existing structures, but its much easier to consider placement and architectural elements at the design level. First, select a square or rectangular lot which is level. The square shape provides earthy stability to the overall home. Water views are especially desirable, but dont get too close. Place your front door so that it is easily accessible from the road. However, the pathway to your door should not form a straight line. Also, build only one front door. Never build double doors or two front entryways. Also, avoid rock gardens or obstructions near the entryway. Keep hedges trimmed back. Consult a bagua chart to select the most harmonious placement of rooms. The round bagua can be redrawn into a nine-grid square map that is easily adaptable to the square or rectangular home. Pay special attention to the placement of doors, windows, and stairways. Avoid long corridors and awkward or cramped floor plans. Strive for high, well-lit ceilings. Always seek clean lines and open spaces. Try to keep your new home free of clutter and debris. Consider the relationship between light, color, and mood. Avoid strong overhead lighting and dark, monotone color schemes. Shift the energy of your home with color. Most importantly, listen closely to your instincts. What room arrangements make you feel most comfortable? If your architect does not embrace feng shui ideas, consider hiring a feng shui consultant to assist during the design process. Be sure to fill your home with love and light. Honor it with a celebration. Big Brother Television: Feng Shui Gone Wrong Feng shui aspires to create harmony in your home. What happens when designers deliberately break the rules? The set for the splash TV series Big Brother is a lesson in bad feng shui. When it aired in Europe and then Great Britain back in 2000, the television show Big Brother became the worlds most widely viewed docudrama - a chance for voyeurs to watch real people living inside a camera-filled house during prime time, five nights a week. Now, the Big Brother reality series franchise has spread to the United States, bringing with it a new way of thinking about home design. The concept for the Big Brother show is Orwellian: Ten strangers spend three months under 24-hour surveillance in a bare-basics, 1,800 square foot house. There are two bedrooms furnished with six twin beds and two bunk beds. The bathroom has one toilet, one shower, a washboard and a washtub. The house is equipped with twenty-eight cameras, sixty microphones and sixty-nine camera windows and two-way mirrors. Nine windows face the yard. Big Brother Living Room, 2000. Chris Weeks/Getty Images (cropped) Bad Feng Shui? These factors alone are enough to make most people uneasy. But, to add to the general unrest, designers who created the house for the American version of the show have admitted to using feng shui ideas - to purposely create disharmony!  Follow the rules, and you will have harmony in your home, say feng shui believers. Break the rules to see the impact of disharmonious design. The Front Door The front door to your home should always be protected, say feng shui designers. Curving pathways to the entrance protect the home from angular energy. However, the long path that leads to the Big Brother house is like an arrow, pointing accusingly at the front door. Definitely bad feng shui. The Living Room The heart of family life, the living room is where you should be able to relax and enjoy companionship. Feng shui experts strive to facilitate a positive flow of energy through this area. But in the Big Brother living room, designers worked to do just the opposite. Windows and doors are located on the north wall. There is no exit on the south side. Since energy must enter and exit through the same path, there is constant confusion and conflict. The presence of cameras and two-way mirrors add to this dynamic. Feng shui designers often use mirrors to direct energy, and in the Big Brother living room, mirrors are placed directly across from the large windows on the north-facing wall. By reflecting and intensifying energy waves, these mirrors create perpetual disturbance. Big Brother Seventh Edition, Telecinco Channel TV in Spain. Jose R. Aguirre/Getty Images The Bedroom Your bedroom is a place of rest, privacy, intimacy and refuge. If this room is not a place of harmony, the negative energy will harm your marriage, your home life and your physical well-being, say feng shui pros. In the Big Brother house, the mens bedroom is in a secure location beyond the living area. Although it is not protected from the gaze of Big Brother, its positioning does offer some security. However, the womens bedroom is deliberately placed to create a sense of exposure and vulnerability. It is located directly across from the front door. The Red Room One of the most important, and most turbulent, spaces in the Big Brother house is the Red Room. Here the occupants communicate with Big Brother, seek counsel from a doctor or psychologist, or speak privately with the TV producers. Designers drew upon feng shui principles to create dissonance. First of all, the color scheme is disharmonious. The dark reds and wine shades emphasize the power of Big Brother. Moreover, the small room has only one chair. Visitors must sit with their backs to the door, facing a mirror, where they are certain to feel vulnerable. Colors Color sends strong messages. Change the shade of your walls and doors and your life is transformed, say feng shui believers. For the Big Brother house, designers used color to influence the emotional tone. In stark contrast to the disharmonious Red Room, many other areas of the house are painted soft yellow and muted gray. According to feng shui, the color yellow corresponds to the Five Energies - Fire, Earth, Metal, Water and Wood. Yellow is considered appropriate for kitchens, but confusing and unrestful for living areas. The color gray is said to promote introspection. By painting the bathroom mostly gray, the Big Brother designers gave the house occupants a much-needed relief from the overall atmosphere of discord. A fire red bedroom promotes insomnia. Bedroom for Londons Big Brother 2. Dave Hogan/Getty Images Lighting Light is energy, and feng shui designers pay attention to its effects. Harsh overhead lights are to be avoided at all costs. Even when the lights are turned off, energy will stream through the electrical circuitry, creating dissonance. Early episodes of Big Brother show a house with diffused lighting which softly glows from a border around each room. This ensures crisp video images, and also helps create a calm, comfortable environment. So it happens that the lighting of the initial houses was the only aspect of the the Big Brother house that truly expressed good feng shui. They changed that design quickly. The 10 greatest moments on Big Brother involve the personalities of the contestants and not the architecture of the house. The success of reality television is all about outrageous behavior. If you can design a home that promotes eye-catching human reactions and responses, youve got a television smash hit on your hands.

Financial And Economic Crisis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial And Economic Crisis - Assignment Example sis and policy recommendations from the literature review and data gathered from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other government agencies of countries such as the United States. Analysis of the charts and tables will also be conducted in order to derive evaluations of the causes and effects of the global financial crisis. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The Theory of Financial Liberalization and the Washington Consensus A theory was developed by the academic community as well as by the government of the United States of how to go about making progress in developing countries. This false concept of development was proposed by a term known as the â€Å"Washington Consensus† originated by an economist named John Williamson (1998). Basically, there were ten policy recommended for developing countries but it did not recognise that developing countries had various issues that required various policy solutions. These ten policy propositions are as follows: 1. There is a huge a nd continuing fiscal budgets in developing countries that lead to rising inflation flight of capital and as such governments should minimize them; 2. Subsidies must be decreased or avoided and that government spending must be prioritized towards education, health and development of infrastructures; 3. The tax base should be broad and marginal tax rates should be moderate; 4. The interest rates must be determined by the domestic financial markets. Positive real interest rates should discourage capital flight and increase savings; 5. A competitive exchange rate must be adopted by developing nations which will promote exports by making it less expensive in other countries; 6. The minimization of tariffs and which should not be applied to intermediate goods required in producing exports; 7. Foreign...The paper tells that the subprime crisis in the United States resulted to the financial disaster in the stock market in the United States as well around the world as indicated by country an d regional stock indices as shown in the charts of this study. The resulting stock index in the markets throughout the globe is proof that the U.S. financial crisis had a tremendous impact on the global economy. In addition, the impact of the U.S. financial crisis caused the GDPs and other macro-economic indicators around the world to decrease indicating that these countries were affected heavily due to globalization. In the developing countries such as South Asia, the global crisis hit these poor countries strong as they had barely recovered the shocks of trade problems that resulted from worldwide food and energy price increases. Their current accounts and fiscal balances worsened sharply and inflation surged to unprecedented levels. Furthermore, their dependence on foreign funding has been relatively large. The global crisis worsened their macroeconomic difficulties as sources of funding declined. The global economic slowdown due to the financial crisis would make them further vu lnerable in terms of their export earnings, tourism receipts, remittances and external financing for infrastructure. The reform agenda of the â€Å"Washington Consensus† and multilateral institutions has results which were not satisfactory. As such, there is a need to evaluate countries or institution in terms of its nature and geography and that there is a need to uniquely determine their institutional structure.

Clincial Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Clincial Psychology - Essay Example In these changing and challenging situation psychologists have to develop their skills all the time. Clinical psychology is related to identifying and treating the problems/conflicts which people face. These conflicts may involve, emotional thinking, learning as well as social and sexual problems. The person practicing in the area of providing diagnostic, therapeutic and counseling services to an individual, a family, or a group is called clinical psychologists. In general, the psychologist associated with the word clinical helps people to achieve changes in life style and habit to correct health problems. Now being a professional associated with and committed to increase the scientific and professional knowledge of people's behavior to improve the condition of individuals & organization, they have to protect lots of information's about their clients. Now confidentiality is the key area, where psychologists, has to take care of. They have to take certain steps to prevent misuse of client data related to various tests and other relevant information's into the public domain. But bein g a professional not only providing therapeutic role they have to perform the duties of researcher educator, diagnostician, supervisor, consultant, administrator, social interventionist expert witness and may more. In providing may more services and exciting various roles often do the job professionally some ethical standards has to be formulated which can provide them the common set of principles and standards upon which psychologists build their professional and scientific work. To fulfill these requirements, American Psychological Association (APA) has formulated the Ethics code in 2002. It has been divided under ten major categories which are like some common issues like psychologists must take reasonable steps to minimize the misuse or misrepresentation; psychologists must adhere to ethical commitment first in case of conflict with law or regulations and try to resolve the conflict between law or rules governing legal authority with ethics; psychologist must stick to their ethi cs code in case of conflict between ethics and organizational demand or interest and to the extent feasible, resolve the conflict in a way that permits adherence to ethics code, psychologists must have the responsibility to resolve ethical violence and report these kind of violations to state or national committees on professional ethics or state licensing boards or appropriate institutional authorities and wherever possible cooperate in ethics investigations, proceedings and resulting requirements of the APA or any affiliated state psychological associations to which they belongs psychologists do not file or encourage any malaise or willful complaints but do not deny persons employment, advancement and admissions to academic or other programs, tenure or promotion, based solely upon their being subject of an ethics complaint. For clinical psychologists another area which is relevant and addressed for ethical standards is the competence. Psychologist must provide services, conduct re searches & teach within their areas of competencies. They must have adequate professional knowledge and understanding of the factors associated with age,